KCA practice exam: free questions, domains and format
KCA, the Kyverno Certified Associate, is the Linux Foundation multiple-choice exam on Kyverno, the Kubernetes policy engine. This page lists its six domains and weights, the verified format and cost, five sample policy questions with answers, and how to start free practice.
By Ibrahim Yesilay · Published · Updated
Last updated · Verified against the Linux Foundation certification page
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What is the KCA exam?
KCA is the Kyverno Certified Associate exam from the Linux Foundation and CNCF. It is a proctored, online, multiple-choice exam on Kyverno, a policy engine designed for Kubernetes where policies are written as Kubernetes resources instead of a separate language. It tests the fundamentals of what Kyverno does, how it is installed, configured and upgraded, how the Kyverno CLI is used to test policies, how policies are applied to a cluster, how they are written, and how they are managed over time. It is a knowledge exam, so you read policy YAML and decide what it validates, mutates or generates. Officially it is the Kyverno Certified Associate certification, a multiple-choice exam in the Golden tier of the 16-certification Golden Kubestronaut program. The sections below cover its official domains, the verified format and cost, and its place in the path.
Typical questions show a ClusterPolicy and ask which resources it blocks or changes, what a match or exclude block selects, how a variable or JMESPath expression resolves, or when a rule generates a new resource. Reading policy YAML fluently is the core skill.
KCA exam domains and weights
KCA has six domains. Writing Policies is the largest at 32%. Fundamentals of Kyverno and Installation, Configuration, and Upgrades follow at 18% each, then Kyverno CLI at 12%, with Applying Policies and Policy Management at 10% each. Writing policies is the clear priority: validate, mutate, generate and verify-images rules, match and exclude selectors, preconditions, variables and JMESPath. The remaining domains are smaller and more operational, covering how Kyverno is deployed, how the CLI tests policies offline, and how policy reports and exceptions are handled. The official list has 6 domains: the largest is Writing Policies at 32% and the smallest is Policy Management at 10%, so a sensible plan splits study time roughly in proportion to these weights.
Learn the fundamentals and rule types first, since every policy question builds on them, then practise writing and reading policies until the selectors and variables feel natural, and treat installation, the CLI and policy management as shorter topics to cover in a second pass.
| Domain | Weight |
|---|---|
| Fundamentals of Kyverno | 18% |
| Installation, Configuration, and Upgrades | 18% |
| Kyverno CLI | 12% |
| Applying Policies | 10% |
| Writing Policies | 32% |
| Policy Management | 10% |
Weights as published on the official certification page, checked 23 Oct 2026.
KCA exam format and cost
The KCA exam facts below were read from the official Linux Foundation pages on 2026-10-23, and every row of the table links to the page it came from. Format: Online, proctored, multiple-choice. Questions: 60. Duration: 90 minutes. Passing score: 75%. Price: 250 US dollars. Certification validity: 2 years. Prerequisites: None. Retake policy: One retake per exam purchase if a passing score is not achieved. Curriculum version: not published by the Linux Foundation. Prices and policies change, so confirm them on the official KCA page before you book. If the Linux Foundation changes a value, this page is updated and shows the date it was last verified.
| Questions | 60 source |
|---|---|
| Duration (minutes) | 90 source |
| Passing score | 75% source |
| Price (USD) | 250 source |
| Validity (years) | 2 source |
| Delivery | Online, proctored, multiple-choice source |
| Prerequisites | None source |
| Retake policy | One retake per exam purchase if a passing score is not achieved source |
| Curriculum version | not published by the Linux Foundation |
With 60 questions in 90 minutes you have about 90 seconds per question on average, which is enough to read a scenario carefully but not to agonise over one item. If every question counts equally, 75% of 60 is 45 correct answers, so one unknown topic does not decide the result. Flag a hard question, move on, and return to it at the end.
Treat the table as the single source for numbers on this page. If a row says the Linux Foundation does not publish a value, we print that instead of guessing, and the official KCA page remains the final word on registration and policy.
How GoldenKube practice works for KCA
GoldenKube turns the KCA bank into a practice loop. You answer one question at a time, see right away whether you were correct, and read an explanation of why. The next question is chosen for you: reviews that are due come first, then the domain where you are weakest, spread across all 6 exam domains so you do not only practise what you already know. A question you miss comes back on a spaced schedule until you answer it correctly, and a mock exam mode lets you test yourself under exam conditions. You can answer 10 questions as a guest with no sign-up; after that a free account saves your progress, with no credit card.
- Adaptive order: due reviews first, then your weakest domain.
- Spaced repetition: missed questions return until you have mastered them.
- Every question carries an explanation, not just a right-or-wrong verdict.
- Mock exam mode for a timed run once you are close to ready.
5 sample KCA questions
The five questions below come from the GoldenKube KCA bank, and each one shows its correct answer and a written explanation. They are practice questions written for learning, not questions from the real exam, and they were picked once so the page stays stable. Use them as a quick check of your level: if you can explain why each wrong option is wrong, you are in good shape for this part of the syllabus, and if not, the explanation shows what to revise. The sample questions page holds a larger set, and the practice app holds the full bank with adaptive ordering and review.
Question 1
- A.Both modes require the same external services.
- B.Keyless signing via Fulcio and Rekor.
- C.Neither mode can function without a live internet connection.
- D.Keyed signing with a locally generated public/private keypair.
Correct answer: D
Question 2
kyverno completion bash > /etc/bash_completion.d/kyverno after installing the CLI. What does this accomplish?- A.It generates a shell completion script so
<TAB>will suggest subcommands and flags for thekyvernocommand. - B.It upgrades the CLI to the latest version automatically.
- C.It installs the
kubectl kyvernoplugin form in addition to the standalone binary. - D.It verifies the CLI's checksum against the official release.
Correct answer: A
completion is a standard Cobra-CLI subcommand that emits a shell script teaching your shell's completion system about kyverno's subcommands and flags — a pure quality-of-life feature with no effect on the binary itself.Question 3
- A.The release notes for the target version AND every intermediate minor version you're skipping, since Kyverno 1.10 specifically introduced breaking changes that affect upgrades to it or beyond.
- B.Only the target version's release notes — intermediate versions don't matter once you're past them.
- C.Nothing — Helm upgrades are always backward-compatible by design.
- D.Only the Kyverno CLI changelog; Helm chart release notes are unrelated to controller behavior.
Correct answer: A
Question 4
team label. You want a CI job that fails the build if that rule ever stops rejecting them — for example, after someone refactors the match block. Which CLI command expresses that requirement, and why is the other one unsuitable?- A.
kyverno apply, because it exits non-zero whenever a resource fails a policy. - B.
kyverno test, because a test suite can assert that a specific resource must *fail* a specific rule, and reports an error when that expected failure stops happening. - C.
kubectl apply --dry-run=server, because only a real admission webhook can confirm a rule still works. - D.Either command works identically;
testis just an alias forapplywith prettier output.
Correct answer: B
kyverno-test.yaml suite declares an expected result (pass, fail, skip, or warn) per resource per rule. Declaring result: fail for the unlabelled Pod asserts "this rule must reject this resource" — so if a refactor breaks the match block and the rule silently stops firing, the expectation is no longer met and the suite fails. That is exactly the regression signal described.Question 5
helm upgrade --install kyverno kyverno/kyverno -n kyverno -f values.yaml. A colleague warns "Helm never upgrades CRDs, so you'll need to manually apply the new CRDs first." Is this accurate for Kyverno specifically?- A.No — that folklore is about Helm's special
crds/directory convention specifically, which is install-only by design; Kyverno deliberately ships its CRDs as regular templated resources in a chart dependency gated bycrds.install, so a normalhelm upgradedoes update them. - B.Yes, but only when upgrading across a major version boundary; minor-version upgrades are exempt.
- C.Yes — this is universally true for every Helm chart including Kyverno's, with no exceptions.
- D.No, because Kyverno has no CRDs at all as of recent versions.
Correct answer: A
crds/ directory feature, which by design is applied only on install, never on upgrade. Kyverno sidesteps this entirely by shipping its CRDs as ordinary templated Kubernetes manifests inside a chart dependency (controlled by crds.install), which Helm treats like any other template — rendered and applied on every helm upgrade, same as a Deployment or ConfigMap.Where KCA sits in the Golden Kubestronaut path
KCA is a Golden-tier certification, not one of the 5 core Kubestronaut certifications, and Golden Kubestronaut requires all 16 certifications in the program, so KCA is a required step. Its own prerequisites, per the Linux Foundation: None. The program page lists all 16 certifications side by side and marks which ones GoldenKube can practice today. In the program it is the policy-as-code exam: it connects to KCSA and CKS, which examine admission control and Pod security from the security side, and to CNPE, whose tasks include security and policy enforcement. Candidates who already know admission webhooks and Pod Security Standards will find that Kyverno gives them a practical way to apply those ideas.
Kyverno policies are plain Kubernetes YAML, which keeps the learning curve gentle for anyone who has written manifests. The program page lists all sixteen certifications and which of them GoldenKube practices today.
Frequently asked questions
What is the KCA exam?
KCA stands for Kyverno Certified Associate. Multiple-choice exam on Kyverno: installation, the CLI, applying and writing policies, and policy management. It is one of the 16 certifications in the Golden Kubestronaut program, in the Golden requirement tier.
How many questions are on the KCA exam?
60 questions, according to the Linux Foundation pages checked on 2026-10-23. Every question is multiple-choice. The exact count and format can change, so confirm it on the official page before booking.
What is the KCA passing score?
75% is the passing score published by the Linux Foundation, as checked on 2026-10-23. Aim to score clearly above it in practice, because the real exam will contain topics you have not seen.
How much does the KCA exam cost?
The exam price is 250 US dollars, with a certification validity of 2 years. Retake policy: One retake per exam purchase if a passing score is not achieved. Prices change, so check the official KCA page before you pay.
How long is the KCA exam?
90 minutes, per the Linux Foundation pages checked on 2026-10-23. Plan your pacing before the exam day: know roughly how long you can afford to spend on one question.
How hard is the KCA exam?
KCA is an associate-level, multiple-choice exam. The difficulty is policy reading: the largest domain asks what a given rule does, and details such as match versus exclude, preconditions and variable substitution decide the answer. GoldenKube has no pass-rate data and does not claim one. Writing a few policies yourself and testing them with the Kyverno CLI builds the intuition the questions test.
Is KCA required for Golden Kubestronaut?
Yes. Golden Kubestronaut requires all 16 certifications in the program, including KCA.
How do I start free KCA practice?
Open the KCA practice page and answer your first question. You get 10 free guest answers with no sign-up, then a free account keeps your progress, with no credit card. Every answer has an explanation, weak domains come up more often, and missed questions return on a spaced schedule.
Exam facts verified 23 Oct 2026 on the official KCA certification page.